Anal fissures are small tears in the anal lining, often caused by trauma from hard stools, constipation, or chronic diarrhea. Symptoms include sharp pain during bowel movements, bleeding, itching, and discomfort that persists after defecation. Most fissures heal with conservative treatments like high-fiber diets, hydration, and topical medications to relax the anal sphincter. When these fail, surgery such as lateral internal sphincterotomy is performed to reduce sphincter pressure, promoting healing. The procedure is minimally invasive, often done outpatient, with quick recovery. Risks include temporary incontinence or infection. Post-surgery, patients are advised to maintain soft stools through diet and avoid straining. Pain relief is significant, and most fissures heal within weeks. Preventive measures like proper bowel habits and hydration are crucial to avoid recurrence and ensure long-term comfort.