A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue, commonly in the abdomen or groin. Types include inguinal, umbilical, and hiatal hernias. Symptoms often include a visible bulge, pain or discomfort, especially when lifting, coughing, or standing, and sometimes nausea or constipation. If untreated, hernias can lead to complications like strangulation, where blood supply to the tissue is cut off. Treatment typically involves surgery, either open or laparoscopic, to repair the defect and reinforce the weakened area with mesh. Laparoscopic surgery uses small incisions, offering faster recovery and less pain. Post-surgery, patients are advised to avoid heavy lifting and follow a recovery plan to prevent recurrence. Early intervention is crucial to manage symptoms and avoid complications.