Colectomy removes part or all of the colon to treat colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms include abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or changes in bowel habits. The procedure can be open or laparoscopic, with the latter offering less pain and faster recovery. Partial colectomy removes the diseased section, while total colectomy removes the entire colon, often requiring an ileostomy. Risks include infection, leakage at the reconnection site, or bowel obstruction. Recovery takes weeks, with dietary adjustments to promote healing and bowel function. Follow-ups monitor for recurrence, especially in cancer cases. The surgery is effective for relieving symptoms and preventing complications, improving quality of life. Patients may need temporary or permanent ostomy care, with long-term focus on nutrition and preventing recurrence.