Colostomy creates an opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall to divert the colon’s contents into an external pouch, often for colorectal cancer, bowel obstruction, or injury. Symptoms prompting colostomy include severe abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or inability to pass stool. The procedure, done open or laparoscopically, may be temporary or permanent, depending on the condition. Risks include infection, stoma complications, or skin irritation. Recovery involves learning to manage the colostomy bag and dietary adjustments to regulate stool output. Patients adapt within weeks, with support from ostomy nurses. The procedure restores bowel function when normal passage is blocked, improving quality of life. Long-term care focuses on stoma maintenance, preventing complications, and emotional adjustment. Regular follow-ups ensure proper stoma function and monitor underlying conditions.