An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel between the anal canal and the skin near the anus, often resulting from an abscess or infection. Symptoms include persistent pain, swelling, discharge, and irritation around the anus. Fistulas rarely heal without intervention. Surgery is the primary treatment, with options like fistulotomy (cutting open the fistula to heal from the inside) or advanced techniques like seton placement for complex fistulas. Minimally invasive procedures, such as laser therapy, may also be used. Risks include recurrence or incontinence. Recovery involves wound care, pain management, and high-fiber diets to prevent straining. Most patients recover within weeks, with outpatient procedures common. Early treatment prevents complications like abscess recurrence. Maintaining hygiene and regular follow-ups reduce the risk of new fistulas forming, ensuring long-term relief.