Piles, or hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the rectum or anus, causing discomfort. They can be internal or external, often triggered by straining, constipation, or prolonged sitting. Symptoms include anal pain, itching, bleeding during bowel movements, and a lump near the anus. Mild cases respond to diet, hydration, and topical treatments, but severe or persistent piles require surgery. Procedures include hemorrhoidectomy (removal of hemorrhoids) or stapled hemorrhoidopexy, which repositions and reduces blood flow to hemorrhoids. Minimally invasive options like rubber band ligation may suffice for smaller hemorrhoids. Surgery relieves symptoms but carries risks like infection or recurrence. Recovery involves pain management, high-fiber diets, and avoiding straining. Most patients resume normal activities within weeks. Preventive measures like proper hydration and regular bowel habits reduce recurrence risk.